人民黄河

为发现黄河流域新质生产力发展短板、给探究黄河流域新质生产力发展路径提供实践依据，从劳动者、劳动对象及劳动资料3个维度构建黄河流域新质生产力水平评价指标体系，测度2012—2021年黄河流域新质生产力水平，探讨其动态演进特征，并利用障碍因子诊断模型分析了阻碍其发展的影响因素。结果表明：1)黄河流域新质生产力水平总体呈上升趋势，在空间上表现为“黄河下游>黄河中游>黄河上游”,总体区域差异扩大，极化问题得到有效缓解，上游和下游区域差异扩大，中游区域差距缩小；2)黄河流域新质生产力呈现“分散分布—抱团分布”的空间演进特征，主要以中低水平和中高水平集聚为主，“高-高”集聚区主要在下游，“低-低”集聚区沿着上游和中游分界线分布；3)黄河流域新质生产力一级指标障碍度排序为劳动者>劳动资料>劳动对象，三级指标障碍度排名靠前的有单位GDP能耗、研发经费投入强度和每万人在校大学生数量等。鉴于此，提出黄河流域应强化科技创新主导作用、促进区域创新合作、加快现代化产业建设等建议。

In order to discover the shortcomings of the development of new productive forces in the Yellow River Basin and provide practical basis for exploring the development path of new quality productive forces in the Yellow River Basin, an evaluation index system for the level of new quality productive forces in the Yellow River Basin was built from three dimensions of workers, labor objects and labor materials. The level of new quality productive forces in the Yellow River Basin from 2012 to 2021 was measured and its dynamic evolution characteristics were explored. The obstacle factor diagnostic model was used to explore the influencing factors that hinder its development. The results show that a) the overall level of new quality productive forces in the Yellow River Basin is on the rise, in terms of space, it manifests as “the lower reaches of the Yellow River > the middle reaches of the Yellow River > the upper reaches of the Yellow River”. The overall difference expands, polarization issues have been effectively alleviated, regional differences between the upper and lower reaches have widened, while the gap between midstream regions has narrowed. b) The new quality productive forces in the Yellow River Basin presents the spatial evolution characteristic of “dispersed distribution-group distribution”, mainly concentrated at medium to low levels and medium to high levels. The “high-high” agglomeration area is mainly located in the downstream, while the “low-low” agglomeration area is distributed along the boundary lines of the upstream and middle reaches. c) The obstacle ranking of the first level indicator of new quality productive forces in the Yellow River Basin is as follows: workers > means of labor > objects of labor. The obstacle ranking of the third level indicator is higher in terms of energy consumption per unit of GDP, R&D investment intensity, and the number of college students per 10 000 people. In view of this, suggestions are proposed to strengthen the leading role of scientific and technological innovation, promote regional innovation cooperation, and accelerate the construction of modern industries in the Yellow River Basin.