人民黄河

黄河“几字弯”内侧的库布齐沙漠，覆盖了黄河流域水土流失国家重点治理区和“三北”防护林工程建设重点的十大孔兑中游地区，是鄂尔多斯高原入黄泥沙的重要来源区。为减少该沙漠风沙入黄量，需针对性提出风沙治理对策，研发风沙阻控关键技术。在黄河“几字弯”地区风沙阻控原理及科学问题研究基础上，提出了沿稳定性最强的沙脊线布局“整体增阻”风沙阻控工程并对阻沙构件力求“表面减阻”的风沙治理对策，以及“因地制宜、协同布局、就地取材、废物利用”的实施原则；聚焦风沙治理技术难度大、风向多变难适应、阻控工程投资大、沙障设置稳定性差等难题，凝练出三大关键技术；通过解决底沙推移阻控难、风沙阻控工程耗资大、风蚀抢险效率低且成本高等技术难题，研发出“沙柳+铁皮组合风沙阻控沙障”“三角形陡坡滑沙阻控沙障”“玻璃钢预制构件组合沙障”“群桩挂网沙障”“软管沙障”等一系列风沙阻控新技术和辅助治沙技术，在拟定的工程布局线设置形式多样的阻控工程，构筑起颇具规模的“风沙阻抗长城”,避免沙粒在沙丘顶部沉积，利用风沙阻控工程对风沙的干扰效应，改变背风坡积沙量及其沉积分布途径，遏制了流动沙丘的扩张外移。此外，还成功地探索出具有费用少、生效快、易操作等优点的“沙柳捆防风缓蚀抢险技术”。

The Kubuqi Desert, located within the inner rim of the Yellow River's Great Bend, straddles the central part of the top-ten Kongduis gully. It is a key national area for soil and water loss control in the Yellow River Basin and a priority zone for the Three-North Shelterbelt Program. It serves as a major source of sediment entering into the Yellow River from the Ordos Plateau. In order to reduce the amount of wind-blown sand entering the river, targeted sand control strategies and key sediment containment technologies must be developed. Building on our previous study of “Principle and Scientific Inquiry into Aeolian Sand Arresting in the Yellow River's Great Bend Region”, this paper proposed a sand management approach based on “increasing integral resistance along the most stable sand ridge line through engineering measures while reducing drag on the surface of sand-control structures”, guided by the implementation principles of “adapting to local conditions, coordinated layout, using local materials and repurposing waste”. Focusing on challenges such as the technical difficulty of sand control, unpredictable wind directions, high cost of containment projects and poor stability of sand barriers, we identified three key technical problems to be addressed. By resolving issues including the difficulty in controlling bedload transport, high costs of wind-sand containment works, and low efficiency and high expense of emergency erosion control, we developed a series of innovative sand containment technologies such as “Salix + iron sheet composite barriers”, “triangular steep slope sand sliding control”, “FRP prefabricated component composite barriers”, “group-pile netting barriers” and “hose sand barriers”, along with auxiliary techniques like “group-pile netting”. Diverse containment structures were deployed along the planned project alignment, forming a large-scale “Great Wall of Wind-Sand Resistance” and preventing particle deposition on dune crest. By leveraging the wind-flow interference effects of these structures, we optimized deposition volume and distribution patterns on leeward slopes, effectively curbing the expansion and migration of mobile dunes. In addition, we successfully developed the “Salix-bundle emergency windbreak and erosion mitigation technique”, which offered advantages such as low cost, rapid response and ease of operation.