人民黄河

黄河“八七”分水方案实施以来有力支撑了黄河流域水资源管理，发挥了巨大的作用。当前黄河流域水沙情势、工程条件及经济社会发展格局均发生了显著变化，黄河分水方案调整备受各界关注。梳理总结了基于人类社会用水Budyko方程的流域健康水平衡机制、流域水资源均衡配置理论及增量均衡配置模式等支撑黄河分水方案调整的理论和方法，提出了以优化河道内外用水关系和科学调整河道外省(区)间用水配置关系为重点的关键问题研究成果，支撑黄河“八七”分水方案调整方案制定和审批实施。黄河“八七”分水方案调整是黄河流域水资源的空间再分配，可缓解上中游六省(区)现状刚性缺水。破解黄河流域水资源短缺问题需要加快实施跨流域调水以提高黄河流域水资源承载能力。

Since its implementation, the 1987 Yellow River Water Allocation Scheme has strongly underpinned water resources management in the Yellow River Basin and played a significant role. Currently, marked changes have occurred in the basin's water-sediment regime, engineering conditions, and socioeconomic development pattern, making the adjustment of the Yellow River water allocation scheme a matter of widespread concern. This paper summarizes theories and methods supporting the adjustment of the Yellow River water allocation scheme: the mechanism of watershed healthy water balance based on the Budyko Equation for human societal water use, the theory of watershed equitable allocation of water resources, and the model of incremental equitable allocation. It proposes key research findings focused on optimizing the relationship between in-stream and off-stream water uses and scientifically adjusting the allocation of off-stream water used among provinces, thereby supporting the formulation, approval, and implementation of an adjusted 1987 Scheme. The adjustment of the 1987 Scheme represents a spatial redistribution of water resources in the Yellow River Basin. It can alleviate the existing rigid water shortages in the six upstream and midstream provinces. To fundamentally address water scarcity in the Yellow River Basin, it is imperative to accelerate the implementation of the water diversion project from other basins to improve the supporting capability of the basin's water resources.