人民黄河

小浪底水库运用以来黄河河口年来沙量减少至1.6亿t,河道总体呈冲刷趋势。然而，2018—2021年相对丰水条件下河道冲刷后的快速回淤、河长延伸已接近1996年汛前最大值，2024年汛后历时10 a的稳定分汊消失和沙嘴两侧多条大规模汊沟出现，表明清8汊河已进入不稳定阶段。根据河口流路具有在潮区界附近出汊的自然特征，建议实施黄河河口清水沟和刁口河流路同时行河。古贤水库修建使得未来一定时期内进入河口的水沙条件有利于同时行河。设计水沙情景下，清水沟年径流量为125亿m³能够实现略有冲刷或冲淤平衡；刁口河分流90亿m³,通过开挖并维持375 m宽的主槽，能够实现2 000 m³/s流量条件下不淤积。同时行河有利于提高社会公众对刁口河流路保护的意识，合理配置泥沙空间分布，提高输往深海泥沙的比例，减轻现行清水沟流路的防洪压力。具体方案实施中要考虑对清水沟生态流量和近海生态水量可能造成的影响。

Since the operation of Xiaolangdi Reservoir, the annual sediment load entering into the Yellow River estuary has decreased to 160 million tons. However, under the relatively abundant water conditions from 2018 to 2021, the rapid siltation of the river channel after scouring and the extension of the river length have approached the maximum value before the flood season in 1996. The disappearance of the stable branch that lasted for 10 years after the flood season in 2024 and the appearance of multiple large-scale branches on both sides of the sand spit indicate that the Qingbacha Channel has entered an unstable stage. In accordance with the natural feature of the estuary channel avulsion near the tidal zone boundary, it is recommended to implement the simultaneous flow of the Qingshuigou Channel and the Diaokouhe Channel in the Yellow River estuary. The construction of Guxian Reservoir will make the water and sediment conditions entering the estuary favorable for simultaneous flow in the future period. Under the designed water and sediment scenario, diverting 12.5 billion m³ of water for the Qingshuigou Channel can achieve a slight balance between erosion and sedimentation. The Diaokouhe Channel diverts 9 billion m³, and by digging and maintaining a 375 m wide main channel, it can achieve a flow rate of 2 000 m³/s without siltation. Simultaneous flow is conducive to raising social awareness of the protection of the Diaokouhe Channel, rationalizing the spatial distribution of sediment, increasing the proportion of sediment transported to the deep sea, and reducing the flood control pressure on the current Qingshuigou Channel. In the implementation of the specific plan, consideration should be given to the potential impact on the ecological flow of Qingshuigou Channel and the ecological water volume in the nearby waters.