人民黄河

全球气温持续攀升、极端天气频发，气候变化已成为全球性紧迫挑战。在全球气候治理转向“行动落实”的背景下，结合第30届联合国气候变化大会(COP30)中国角边会的专题发言内容和流域生态治理经验，探讨能源转型路径与流域生态治理协同机制。研究表明，气候变化加剧了全球能源安全与流域生态系统的双重挑战，能源转型与生态治理的协同推进成为实现绿色低碳发展、保障生态安全的核心路径；降低能耗是能源转型最经济可行的选择，多能互补为流域能源转型提供创新方向，水力发电作为成熟可再生能源，在调峰支撑、保障供电稳定方面作用显著，尤其“水少沙多”的黄河已建、在建和拟建的水利枢纽，对于全河水沙调控作用巨大，在入河沙量大幅度减少的现状下，水力发电、生态保护和水资源优化配置的功效将更大；以湍流研究为例，基于“涡团模式”推导的流速分布公式可跨界应用于水利、风沙治理、航空发动机能耗优化等领域，印证基础研究突破对应用研究和技术研发落地的支撑作用；能源转型与流域生态治理目标同向，二者融合催生的生态经济可通过资本杠杆实现生态保护与经济发展双赢。最后指出，能源转型需构建从基础研究到系统治理的全链条协同体系，强化创新源头、激活能效市场，还应有推动发展模式转型的政策保证。

As global temperatures continue to rise and extreme weather events occur with increasing frequency, climate change is becoming an urgent global challenge. Against the backdrop of the shift of global climate governance toward an “implementation-oriented” phase, this study explored synergistic mechanisms between energy transition pathways and watershed ecological governance, drawing on thematic presentations from the China Pavilion side event at the 30th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(COP30) and practical experience in watershed ecological governance. The findings indicate that: Climate change intensifies the dual challenges of global energy security and watershed ecosystem, making the coordinated advancement of energy transition and ecological governance a core pathway for achieving green and low-carbon development and ensuring ecological security. Reducing energy consumption represents the most economically viable option for energy transition, while multi-energy complementarity provides an innovative direction for watershed energy transition. As a mature renewable energy source, hydropower plays a significant role in peak regulation and in maintaining the stability of power supply. This role is particularly prominent in the Yellow River Basin, characterized by “low water and high sediment”, where the existing and planned water conservancy projects exert substantial influence on basin-wide water-sediment regulation. Under current conditions of reduced sediment inflow, hydropower generation, ecological protection and optimized water resources allocation can deliver even greater benefits. Using turbulence research as an example, a velocity distribution formula derived from the “turbulent eddy model” demonstrates cross-disciplinary applicability in fields such as hydraulic engineering, aeolian sand control and energy consumption optimization in aero-engines, underscoring the critical role of fundamental scientific breakthroughs in supporting applied research and technological implementation. The objectives of energy transition and watershed ecological governance are inherently aligned, and the eco-economy emerging from their integration can leverage capital mechanisms to achieve a win-win outcome between ecological protection and economic development. Finally, successful energy transition requires the establishment of a full-chain collaborative system spanning from fundamental research to integrated governance, strengthening innovation at the source, activating energy efficiency markets, and ensuring policy guarantees to drive the transition of the development paradigm.